Digitalisation plays an increasingly important role in projects. This insight note introduces how sociotechnical thinking can help with theorising, conceptualising and investigating digitalisation phenomena. It puts forward a strong sociotechnical perspective whereby the sociotechnical theory is seen through a theoretically pluralistic perspective used as a broad paradigm including other relevant theories that conceptualise the interactions or the entanglement of the social and technical parts. Additionally, this sociotechnical perspective emphasises technological agnosticism as long as the technological affordances are acknowledged to describe people’s action possibilities. Through a mapping of the relevant theories to sociotechnical thinking, this insight note organises their ontological emphasis, potential empirical foci and units of analysis to understand various phenomena. Finally, through a critical view, the insight moves beyond technological determinism and techno-optimism to propose theoretical instruments distinguishing projects as objects (digitalisation of projects) and agents of digitalisation (digitalisation by projects), considering the latter as a long-term evolutionary process of system-level change brought forward by projects.